Chapter Notes:

Chapter 2 It’s Alive!! Or, Is It?

Section 3 The Chemistry of Life

Proteins

*Large molecules that are made up of subunits called amino acids

*Functions (many, not limited to the following)

*Hemoglobin – attach oxygen to red blood cells

*Protect cells from foreign materials,

*Enzyme – make different chemical reactions occur quickly

Carboyhdrates

*group of compounds made of sugar

*simple carbohydrates – one sugar molecule

*complex carbohydrates – two or more sugar molecule

Starch – plants that make extra sugars store them as starches

Ex. Potatoes

Lipids

*compounds that cannot mix with water

*fats and oils are lipids that store energy. When an organism uses all its

carbohydrates, it can obtain energy from these lipids

*phospholipids – molecules that form much of the cell membrane

Cell membrane – structure that holds together a cell

Nucleic Acid

*contain all the information needed for the cell to make all of its proteins

*DNA is a nucleic acid

The Cell’s Fuel

*ATP – adenosine triphosphate

*when carbohydrates and fats are broken down, some of the energy is transferred into ATP