Chapter 3 Cells: The Basic Units of Life

Section 3 Eukaryotic Cells: The Inside Story

Eukaryotic Cells are very complex

Holding it all Together

ü Cell Membrane

§ surrounds the cell

§ keep the cytoplasm inside to allow nutrients in and waste out

ü Cell Wall

§ Hard cell wall made of cellulose

§ provides strength and support to the cell membrane in plant and algae

The Cell’s Library

ü Most visible organelle

ü Nucelus (kernel or nut)

§ Center of the cell

§ Stores DNA

§ This spot is called the Nucleolus

Protein Factories

ü Ribosome is the organelle responsible for hooking amino acids together to form protein

§ Not covered with a cell membrane

The Cell’s Delivery System

ü Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

§ Makes lipids and other materials for use inside and outside the cell

§ Breaks down drugs and other chemicals that could damage the cell

§ Internal delivery system of a cell – moves through tubular connections (like tunnels)

§ Looks like flattened sacks stacked side by side

§ May be covered with ribosomes to make the surface look rough

§ Proteins from ribosome passes to ER then released to use elsewhere

The Cell’s Power Plants

Source of energy

ü Mitochondria

§ Organelle that produces ATP

§ Bean shaped, surrounded by two membranes

§ Can work only if they have oxygen

ü Chloroplasts

§ Contained in plants and algae

§ Energy converting organelle, looks like stacks of coins

§ Two membrane structures that contain chlorophyll

· Chlorophyll makes chloroplasts green

· Energy is trapped by chlorophyll – used to make sugar

ü Where did they come from?

§ Originated as prokaryotic cells that were “eaten” by larger cells

The Cell’s Packaging Center

ü Golgi complex – materials are processed and shipped out of eurkaryotic cell

§ Looks like ER - near cell membrane

The Cell’s Storage Centers

Vesicles – membrane covered compartments in all eukaryotic cells

ü Vacuole – store water and other liquids – supports the cell

Packages of Destruction

ü Lysomes

§ Organelle that uses enzymes to digest food particles, waste, cell parts and foreign invaders

Plant or Animal:

ü Similarities

§ Have a cell membrane

§ Nuclei

§ Ribosomes

§ Mitochondria

§ Endoplasmic reticula

§ Golgi complexes

§ Lyosomes

ü Differences

§ Plant Cells

· Cell wall

· Chloroplasts

· Large vacule

Illustrate, color and label Figure 29 p 75